J

JA'COB
(1) The Bible J., son of Isaac. His name is generally used in reference to his lineage, e. g., "house of J.," 3 Ne. ii:102-109.

JA'COB
(2) Son of Lehi and brother of the first Nephi. He was born in the Arabian wilderness, (600-592 B. C.) ere they embarked for America; as also his younger brother Joseph, 1 Ne. v:l79-187, 200-208. He was a righteous prophet, priest and custodian of the sacred plates which were entrusted to him, or about which he received charge concerning (545 B. C.), by Nephi. Which plates he conferred upon his son Enos, who handed them down to his son 421 B. C. Through J., Sharem, the first historic denier of Christ, was smitten to death. Jacob attained an old age and died in the land of Nephi. Jac. i:l-8, 15-20; v:42-48.

JA'COB
(3) A member of the Zoramite sect who were apostate Nephites. He was placed in command of the city Mulek (q. v.) after it was taken by the Lamanites under Amalickiah in 66 B. C.; which shows that he had gone over to the Lamanite forces. He was killed when the city of Mulek was retaken, strategically, by Moroni and his lieutenants Teancum and Lehi (63 B. C.). Al. xxiv:24-49.

JA'COB
(4) A Nephite usurper-king. In A. D. 29 a condition of anarchy was brought on among the Nephites in the land of Zarahemla; the Chief Judge was murdered and the people divided into tribes. The secret band which accomplished this murder and destroyed the republican government that they might have a kingdom, got together and constituted J. their king. But this action did not meet with the hoped-for approbation of the various tribes with their leaders, who were in the majority and re-fused to fall into line. Therefore J. took his band and went (A. D. 30) into the northernmost part of the land, Zarahemla, and there built up a kingdom, and a city called Jacobugath (q. v.), 3 Ne. iii:3l-51; iv:36-40.

JA'COB, Book of
Third book of the B. of M. It em-braces an account of the receipt by Jacob of instruction from the prophet Nephi in reference to the plates-of the death of Nephi-of the appearance among the Nephites of the vice of polygamy-of Jacob's speech to the Nephites after the death of Nephi-of the smiting of Shared-of the prophecy of Zenos. It was written by Jacob. (See Jacob).

JA'COB
City of. One of the wicked cities which sunk into the earth when the vior was crucified. 3 Ne. iv:34, A. D. 34.
JA'COB-ITES
Descendants of Jacob, son of Lehi. Jac. i:12-14.

JA'COB-U'GATH
The city built by the band of King Jacob (q. v.) which fled into the northernmost portion of the land of Zarahemla after they had broken up the responsible government to set up a monarchy and were in danger from the majority of the people who refused them their allegiance, preferring tribal divisions and their chiefs to a king. The city of J. was destroyed by fire in the crucifixion catastrophe A. D. 34, 8 Ne. iv:36, 37.

JA'COM
The first named and probably the eldest of the four sons of Jared who refused the kingship after they landed in America from Babel (about 2200-2000 B. C.); mentioned once. Eth. iii:16.

JA'RED
1) One of the founders of the first colony to America about 2200 B. C., known as the Jaredites. When the fiat of God had gone forth that he would confound the language (Adamic) of those engaged on the tower, J. requested his prophet-brother to supplicate the Lord that they, their families and the families of their friends, might be exempt. The prayer was answered. Jared lived not only to cross the Atlantic and in see his people established on the occidental continent, Mexico probably, but he lived to so them prosper in the land and to become the subjects of his son Orihah who was ap-pointed their first king. He was born in Asia and died having four sons and eight daughters. The race was named after him, probably because of the allotment of royalty to his son and lineage. Eth. i-iii:36.

JA'RED
(2) A wicked Jaredite king who gained the throne by rebellion. He was the fifth descendant of the preceding Jared; the son of King Omer against whom he rebelled, and the brother of Emer to whom the kingdom descended from his father after the removal of the usurping dynasty. After J. had held Omer in captivity half his days, the two other sons of Omer raised an army, defeated Jared and replaced their father on the throne. Jared then had the wily Akish to seek his father's life which was done through the Cainoaths that had been handed down; and once again was Omer dethroned, and once more the wretched Jared, his son, reigned in his stead. But he was soon murdered by Akish, who reigned in his stead for a season. The scene of the rebellions and reigns of J. probably did not extend beyond Mexico. Eth. iii:67-98; iv:l-17.

JARED, Brother of
The prophet of the company who came to America from Babel (about 2200 B. C.). His name is not given in the B. of M. Notice, the Lord revealed himself, first, to the effect that he would not, in answer to the entreaties of this good man, confound the families of Jared, the brother of J., and those of his friends; and afterward to the effect of directing their course of journey and with reference to the building of the ships. The brother of J. was the first one who saw Jesus Christ in his spirit, unembodied, pre-existent state. So great was his faith that he could not be kept from within the veil. Which happened while they dwelt on the ocean preparatory to their voyage to the promised land. He is the only man specifically mentioned in the B. of M., to our recollection-if not in all holy writ-of having removed a mountain by faith (Eth. v: 19-37.) It was the brother of J. who received from Jesus, in the interview referred to, the Urim and Thummim which was the identical instrument with which Joseph Smith translated the B. of M. (D. and C. 15:1). This remarkable man lived to see his people transported to America in the ships constructed according to the revelations through him; he lived to see them prosperous in, probably Mexico, under a changed order of government-from patriarchal to kingly. He had twenty-two sons and daughters and died at an old age. Eth. i-iii;36.

JA'RED-ITES
The first of the three companies who migrated to America, B. C. It is estimated that their history covers a span of about 1600 or more years, 2200-600 or later, B. C. They came from the tower of Babel, retaining by the providence of God their Adamic speech. They journeyed in a westerly direction until they eventually reached the coast of what was evidently the Atlantic ocean, perhaps on the sea-board of Africa or Spain near the strait of Gibralter. Here they dwelt for four years, upon the expiration of which the Lord directed them to prepare for the voyage. Eight barges were built in which they crossed with their seeds and animals of every kind, coming to a land that had been made vegetationless and germless by the deluge. After a passage of 344 days they debarked on the eastern coast of, probably northern Mexico. It is estimated that the voyagers numbered in the neighborhood of thirty souls. They were promised that if they kept the commandments of God they would prosper; if not they would be cut off. They soon established a kingly government; which the brother of Jared said would lead to captivity. All was fulfilled. They had their insurgents, rival leaders and consequent wars from time to time till about 600 B. C. or later, when they were all swept off the land in their last great struggle, save the surviving King Coriantumr and Ether the prophet-scribe. Their ruins and bones were found by the Israelitish colonies or their descendants, who reached America via the Pacific 600-590 B. C. Om. 34:39; Mos. v.57-86, xii:12-26; Eth. i-vi.

JA'ROM
A Nephite prophet and custodian of the sacred plates; which he received from his father Enos about 421 B. C. and handed down to his son Omni, 362 B. C. He therefore held the records about 59 years. His life was spent in the land of Nephi. In his time the Nephites had waxed strong in the land, but they were less numerous than the Lamanites, and they had had many battles. Enos i:42; Jar. i:29-32.

JA'SHON, City of
In the land of J. (q. v.), evidently. It is said to be near the land where Ammoron deposited the records. Morm. i:42-46.

JA'SHON, Land of
It is mentioned but once. Morm. i:42-46. The Nephites retreated to this place under general Mormon before the Lamanite forces, in their northward flight in A. D. 344; from hence they were driven to the land Shem. Morm. i:42-46.

JE-BER'E-CHI'AH
Mentioned in 2 Ne. ix:39-42 in a quo-tation from Isa. viii.

JEHOVAH
God. Mentioned in 2 Ne. ix:132-137 in a quotation from Isa. xii, and in Moro. x:31.

JEN-E-UM
A Nephite general who was slain with his ten thousand in the battle of Cumorah, 384 A. D. Morm. iii:15.

JER-E-MI'AH
The Bible J. lie lived at the time Lehi and company left Jerusalem (600 B. C.) and some of his prophecies were contained on the plates of brass they brought from there. 1 Ne. i: 157-163. He is referred to by Nephi, 21 B. C. Hel. iii:49-66.

JER'SHON
Bounded on the north by the land Bountiful and "on the east by the sea." It was a strip of land granted by the Nephites in Zarahemla to the people of Ammon, 77 B. C. After the settlement of the Ammonites therein, the apostate Korihor made his appearance among them in 75 B.C. When through the preaching of Alma and others to the Zoramites in the land of Antionum ("which was east of the land of Zarahemla, which lay nearly bordering upon the seashore, which was south of the land of Jershon"), a number of converts were made and were cast out by their brethren, they came over into the land of J. and were received by the Ammonites. In the Nephite-Lamanite war which followed, the Ammonites vacated the land of J. to give place to the Nephite armies, 73 B. C. Which is the final mention, by name, of the land J. Al. xv:22-26-xvt.

JE-RU'SA-LEM, City of
(1) The Bible J. in Palestine. It was from thence that Lehi and company came 600 B. C. There are many references to it in the B. of M. in relation to its destruction and rebuilding; also in relation to the emigration therefrom of the two companies to America. (See concordance to the B. of M.)

JE-RU'SA-LEM, City of
(2) A large city in the "land of J.", (q. v.), built by the Lamanites, Amelikites and the Amulonites, earlier than 91 B. C. The land of J. was in the land of Nephi. Al. xiii:l-3.

JE-RU'SA-LEM, Land of
(1) Country surrounding the Bible city of J. It was common in Nephite parlance to designate the country surrounding a metropoliptic or important city after the name of the city itself, of which we have copious instances throughout the B. of M. This mode of denoting places was not confined to their own hemisphere, but they applied it in reference to the eastern hemisphere from which they had emigrated. Hence we read in 1 Ne. i:36-43 that Lehi led his family "out of the land of J." And in Al. v:l0-23 we read that Christ was born "at J., which is the land of our forefathers"-perfectly in keeping with B. o M. usage. And in Alma xiii: 1-3 we are told that the land of J. in America was called "after the land of their father's nativity." 3 Ne. ix:69-77

JE-RU'SA-LEM, Land of
(2) In the land of Nephi, under Lamanite domination. It had an important city by the same name. When the sons of Mosiah took a mission from Zarahemla to the Lamanites (91 B. C.), Aaron came to this city of J. They mocked him and would not hear his words. The city of J. was one of the wicked cities that sank in the crucifixion disturbance. Al. xiii:l-3. 3 Ne. iv:26-35.

JE-RU'SA-LEM, New
It was by the B. of M. that the Latter Day Saints first learned that the N. J. is to be located on the American continent. Thereafter they prayed and the Lord revealed unto them its definite location ,'D. and C. 42.3,10, 17; 57:1). John the Revelator saw it, Rev. 21. Eth: vi:l-13; 3 Ne. ix:56-68.

JES'SE
The Bible J. Mentioned in 2 Ne. ix:116-124 in a quotation from Isa. xi.

JESUS CHRIST
The Son of God. The B. of M. deals with him both prophetically and historically. His name was known to both the Jaredites and Nephites before he tabernacled in the flesh. Revealing himself to the brother of Jared in his pre-existent state (2200 B. C.) he said: "Behold, I am J. C.," Eth. i:68-8 1. The prophet Nephi prophesying of him 560-545 B. C.) said: "his name shall be J. C.," 2 Ne. xi: 30-36. He is variously referred to in the B. of B. as the: Messiah, Mediator, Holy One, Holy One of Israel, Mighty One of Jacob, Prince of Peace, Wonderful Counselor, Redeemer, Shepherd, Great and True Shepherd, Lamb, Lamb of God, Son of the Eternal Father, Only Begotten of the Father, Creator, Son of Righteousness, The Eternal Father of Heaven and Earth, King, King of Heaven, Heavenly King, King of all the Earth, God of Israel, God of the Whole Earth, Most High God, Lord Omnipotent, Lord God Omnipotent.

Nephi prophesied (560-545 B. C.) that the "Messiah cometh in 600 years from the time that my father left Jerusalem," 2 Nephi xi:30-36. Samuel the Lamanite prophesied (5 B. C.) that as a sign of his birth there would be a day and a night and a day as one day in America; and as a sign of his crucifixion there would be a great catastrophe sweep over the land, greatly defacing its surface. Hel. v:54-86. The Nephites worshipped God according to the law of Moses till J. C. came who after he had been crucified and ascended from the apostles in Palestine, descended in America, and appeared in the land Bountiful. In 3 Ne. v-xiii: 24-40 we have the history of the three distinct visitations of Jesus in the disciples, and Nephi says, 3 Ne. xii, 6, that "the Lord did truly teach the people, for the space of three days; and after that, he did show himself unto them oft," etc. (See J. C. in concordance to B. of M.)

JEWS
The Nephites, although lineally Manassehites (Al. viii:3), migrating from Jerusalem before the captivity, their familiarity with the theology and practices of that people will not be disputed. Nephi says, "I say Jew, because I mean them from whence I came." 2 Ne. xv:9. Evidently about forty-five or fifty references to the J. do we find throughout the B. of M. The brass plates which the colonists brought along embraced the record of the J.-l Ne. i:61. The Nephite learning was that of the J.-l Ne. i:l. Copiously do the Nephite prophets indicate the eventual integration of the J. and the disintegration of the Gentiles.

JOHN
(1) The New Testament J.; John the Revelator. Mentioned by name only in 1 Ne. iii:251-256; 3 Ne. xiii:12-23; Eth. i:105-117.

JOHN
(2) The Baptist. Is not mentioned by name in the B. of M., but is described, or his office work is foretold in 1 Ne. iii:7-12; and elsewhere.

JO'NAS
(1) One of the twelve disciples whom Jesus chose (A. D. 34) to minister to the people in America. He was the brother of Nephi and nephew of Timothy. 3 Ne. ix:4-19.

JO'NAS
(2) The second by that name whom Jesus chose in forming the quorum of twelve disciples. He is only mentioned by name in 3 Ne. ix:4-19.

JOR'DAN, River
The Bible J., in Palestine. It is referred to twice in 1 Nephi and once in 2 Nephi.

JOR'DAN, City of
In N. A.; the scene of three battles (A. D. 378-379) between the Nephites and Lamanites. It is mentioned only in this connection.

JO'SEPH
(1) The Bible J., son of Jacob. He was the progenitor of Lehi and, consequently, of the Nephites and Lamanites. On this account the Nephites are referred to as the seed or house of J. Lehi quotes some remarkable prophecies from him not found in the Bible. 1 Ne. i:164-168; 2 Ne. ii.

JO'SEPH
(2) Youngest son of Lehi and Sariah; born to them in Arabia (600-592 B. C.), in the wilderness, before they crossed the Pacific Ocean. He was young when his father died, who counseled him to heed the words of his brother, Nephi. Which advice he probably complied with, for, after Lehi's death and after the separation of Nephi and brethren from Laman and his adherents, we are told that he and Jacob were consecrated priests and teachers by Nephi (570 B. C.), when J. was about twenty-five years of age. And after the death of Nephi (which was about 545 B. C.), under the reign of the second king over the people of Nephi, in the land of Nephi, when the wicked practice of polygamy began to get a hold on the people, Jacob records that himself and J. did magnify their office in laboring with their mights to reclaim them. 1 Ne. v:179, 205; 2 Ne. ii; iv:42-45; Jac. i:15-20. No account of his death.

JO'SEPH-ITES
Evidently the descendants of Joseph, the preceding character, son of Lehi; appears but four times. Ja. i:13, 14.

JOSH
A Nephite general who was slain with his ten thousand in the battle of Cumorah, A. D. 384. Morm. iii:15.

JOSH
City of. Only mentioned in reference to its destruction (A. D. 34) by fire in the crucifixion catastrophe. It was probably in C. A. or southern Mex. 3 Ne. iv. 36-40.

JOSH'U-A
Land of. Was between the land of David southward and the land of Jashon northward. It was situated on or near the Pacific coast. It was the scene of a heavy battle between the Nephites, under General Mormon, and the Lamanites under King Aaron (330 B. C.). Morm. i:21-23.

JO'THAM
The Bible Jotham, tenth king of Judah. Mentioned in 2 Ne. ix:73-77 in a quotation from Isa. vii.

JU'DAH
The Bible J. Found in quotations from Isaiah; in reference to Lehi leaving Jerusalem in the reign of Zedekiah, king of J.; also in reference to the Jews as descendants of the character J.

JU-DE'AH, City of
A Nephite city in the land of Zarahemla in the southwestern portion and between the Pacific Ocean and the land of Manti. It is only referred to in the epistle of Helaman to Moroni which was written at the close of the Pacific slope campaign, 62 B. C. It is introduced to us as under garrison of Nephite forces commanded by Antipus, who was reinforced by 2000 Ammonites led by Helaman, 65 B. C. In the following year 2000 more men and also provisions arrived to strengthen the forces of Antipus and Helaman. In the same year they decoyed the Lamanites from Their stronghold, the city of Antiparah, and defeated them; Antipus was slain, and the troops took their march back to the city of J. which seemed to remain their headquarters during the remainder of the campaign. Al. xxvi.

JUD'GES
The reign of the J. commenced in 91 B. C., with Alma, the younger, as the first chief judge, Mosiah II having been the last king. The judges were elected by the vote of the people; hence the transformation was one from a kingly to a republican form of government. There was a chief judge and then subjudges throughout the different political constituencies. This form of government continued among the Nephites from Alma (91 B. C.) down to Lachoneus II (A. D. 29) during a period of 120 years. The last named character was the last chief judge, who was murdered; and the people divided into tribes. Mos. xiii:53-68; 3 Ne. iii:21. There were twelve judges from Alma II to Lachoneus II-unless the name of one preceding Lachoneus I be omitted.