C

CAIN
Son of Adam. His name occurs in Ether iii:89 and perhaps two or three times elsewhere, wherein he is associated with the secret oaths and covenants which were handed down from him and instituted in ancient America.

CAL'NO
A place in Palestine. "Is not C. as Carchemish." Found in 2 Ne. ix:90 in a quotation from Isa. x.

CAM-EN-I'HAH
A Nephite general who fell with his 10,000 men in the battle of Cumorah, 384 A. D. Morm. iii:7-17.

CAR-CHE'MISH
A town not far from the river Euphrates. Found in 2 Ne. ix:86-100 in a quotation from Isa. x.

Cement
The ancient B. of M. people were "exceeding expert in the working of c,", and "the people who were in the land northward did dwell in ... houses of c." They did "build many cities both of wood and of c." He. ii:7-l0. Which has a most abundant confirmation by modern archaeological discovery.

CE-ZO'RAM
Chief judge over the Nephites B. C. 30-26. He was elected as successor to Nephi, who on account of the degeneration of the people spiritually took upon himself to go forth and preach the word of God. We have a similar instance in Al. ii:22-28 where Alma relinquished the judgment seat to Nephihah. Cezoram was murdered by the Gadianton robbers, who also murdered his son.

Not long prior to the beginning of the judgeship of C. the Lamanites had obtained possession of Zarahemla, the Nephites being driven into the land Bountiful, Hel: ii:36-41. (B. C. 33, 34). Between this time and the office of C. the Nephites had recovered one-half of their lost possessions. Hel. ii:43-51. So that C. may be said to have been chief judge over the land Bountiful, which extended northward; also the portion which had been reconquered. In fact before his reign was cut short by his death he must have had jurisdiction over all the land of Zarahemla, or all the lands from which his people had been forcefully expelled, because it is stated that pursuant to the multitudinous conversions of the Lamanites by the preaching of the brothers Nephi and Lehi, "that they did, yield up unto the Nephites the lands of their possessions." Hel. ii:79-88, 112 - 117. Such a rare change may be said to be an epoch in the history of American Israel. The righteousness of the Lamanites increased beyond that of the Nephites, and harmony prevailed between the two peoples to that extent that there was an interchange of commodities and free intercourse between them. Verses 118-127. See Seezoram and Zeezrom.

CHAL-DE'ANS, CHAL-DEES
Bible names applied to the dwellers in Chaldea, Asia. Found in 1 Ne. vi:19-22 and 2 Ne. x:19-22 in quotations from Is. xlviii and xiii.

CHE'MISH
Son of Omni, brother of Amaron and father of Abinadom, each of whom held the sacred plates. Chemish received them from Amaron (we would understand from what is written, 280 B. C.) and handed them down to Abinadom. Only one paragraph is written by C. Om. 11, 12. He had lived in the land of Nephi.

CHRIST
See Jesus.

Chron-ol'o-gy
Jaredite c. is very meager. We are safe in fixing their migration at about 2200 B. C. The Nephites migrated 600 B. C. The 3rd col., the "Mulekites," left Jerusalem about 590 B.C. The extinction of the Jaredites was probably about 600-500 B. C., possibly a little later, "More than 420 years" passed away ere Moroni sealed up the record.-Moro. 10:1. Not later than 200 B. C. it was shown that the said Mulekites (or people of Zarahemla had contacted Coriantumr an age earlier.-Om. 35-39.

Church, Churches
Christ was not only known, but his followers were called Christians and their organized form was known as "the c. of Christ" long before his personal appearance among them. In A. D. 30 "the c. was broken up in all the land." 3 Ne. iii: 15. About four years later Jesus showed himself to the "more righteous part of the people who were saved" from the catastrophe and he extended the organization of his c. Read Ne. xii about modern c.

Cloth
Our ancient western hemispherians knew how to spin and produce "all manner of fine linen," "cloth of every kind," "abundance of silk and fine twined linen and all manner of good homely cloth." These accomplishments are recorded in favor of both Jaredites and Nephites. Mos. vi:32; Al. i:44; He. ii:133: Eth. iv:73.

CO'HOR
(1) A Jaredite. He lived in the reign of the third Jaredite king, Shule. He was brother of Noah, son of Corihor the first rebel in the Jaredite record, and nephew to King Shule. Cohor was drawn away by Noah who rebelled against Shule. Eth. iii:53-61. Scene: probably Mexico.

CO'HOR
(2) A Jaredite. Nephew of the preceding C. and son of Noah. The rebel Noah was slain by the sons of Shule, and C., son of Noah, built up his kingdom in his stead. C. gave battle unto Shule and was slain by the latter. C. had reigned over the land of Moron, Eth. iii:53-61.

CO'HOR
(3) Another Jaredite. He lived in the time of Coriantumr, near the close of Jaredite history, and is placed in the category of a number of whom it is said, that they would not repent of their sins. Eth. vi:5-17.

COLUMBUS
and his remarkable achievement was en-visioned by Nephi about 600 B. C. while yet overseas in Arabia. The name C. is not given in the B. of M. 1 Ne. iii:147

COM
(1) A Jaredite king. Son of Coriantum and father of Heth. His sixth progenitor was Orihah the first Jaredite king. Com was slain by his son Heth, who then reigned in his stead. The latter was born when C. had reigned 49 years. During C's reign the people had greatly increased, both as to population and iniquity. It is to be credited that their habitation was thus far confined mostly if not entirely to - probably Mexico. Eth. i:l-14; iv:18-34.

COM
(2) Another Jaredite king. He lived in a later period of time than the preceding. He was the seventh progenitor of the prophet Ether who wrote the Jaredite history. Cam was son of Coriantum and father of Shiblon. He was born in captivity, but drew away the half of the kingdom which had been rended from his fifth progenitor, Hearthom. After reigning 42 years over the one half, he re-covered by force the remainder; protected the prophets which fled to him and lived to a good old age. Eth. i:l-14; iv:7, 8, 60-93.

Com-mon
Like the N. T. church on the eastern hemisphere, the N. T. church on the western hemisphere also "had all things c. among them." The two churches existed contemporaneously and the said characteristic was contemporaneous. "They had all things c." This commonality prevailed in America from 34 A. D. down to 201 A. D. "From that time forth they did have their goods and sub-stance no more in c. among them." 3 Ne. 12:11; 4 No. i:4,27, 28. See Equality.

COM'NOR
A hill upon or in the neighborhood of which Coriantumr and Shiz fought three or four desperate battles, some years earlier than 600 B. C. The hill C. was near the valley of Corihor where the armies of Shiz fled before the armies Coriantumr, the latter taking position on the hill C and then trumpeting to the armies of Shiz an invitation to battle. It was from the borders of the seashore eastward that they fled to this place. After these battles it is said that Coriantumr had lost by the sword up to that time nearly 2,000,000 of his mighty men and also their wives and children. After the next engagement the last named fled to the waters of Ripliancum. After a sore battle there they fled southward and Coriantumr pitched at the hill Ramah (Cumorah). Eth. vi:52-83.

Compass
See Liahona.

CO'RI-AN'TON
Youngest son of Alma, the second. Neither the date of his birth nor of his death are given. The first mention of him is 75 B.C. in Alma xvi:78-84, where it is said that Alma took him with others on his mission to the apostatizing Zoramites. The last specific mention of him in any historical connection is 53 B. C., when it is said that his brother Shiblon died and that "C. had gone forth to the land northward" to carry provisions unto those who had gone thither within the year or two previous. Al. xxx:14-21. On account of his departure it "became expedient for Shiblon to confer these sacred things" upon his nephew Helaman; from which it is inferred that C. had not up to that time returned if he ever did so.

In 74 B. C. Alma addressed commandments to his three sons including C., in which we see the indifference, religiously, of C. in his youth. He had forsaken the ministry when on the Zoramite mission and turned aside to lascivious conduct; which engendered disbelief in the hearts of that people with reference to the message to them by his faithful parent and co-laborers. His father also charges him with boastfulness and ignoring counsel, and pleads with him to repent. Which advice it is plain that he heeded. Al. xix-xxi.

CO'RI-AN'TOR
The father of the prophet Ether and son of King Moron. The kingdom was taken from Moron and he dwelt in captivity the remainder of his days, and C. dwelt in captivity all his days. Many prophets came in the days of C. calling re-pentance. An idea of the date can be gathered from the fact that his son Ether lived up to the time of 600 B. C., the extinction of the Jaredite nations. Eth. i:l-14; iv:105-115.

CO'RI-AN'TUM
(1) A righteous king of the Jaredites. Son of King Emer and father of King Com. His sixth progenitor was Jared who came to America from the Tower of Babel. He had no children by his first wife who died at the age of 102. He married again and after begetting sons and daughters died 142 years old. Eth. i:l-14; iv:18-34.

CO'RI-AN'TUM
(2) A Jaredite of royal dynasty. He dwelt in captivity all his days, the kingdom having been taken from his fourth progenitor, Hearhom. The father of C. was Amnigaddah; his son was Com. Coriantum was the eighth progenitor of the prophet Ether. Eth. 1:1-14; iv:60-90.

CO'RI-AN'TUMR
(1) A Lamanite general. He was a descendant of Zarahemla, had dissented from the Nephites and had gone over to the Lamanites. The Lamanite king made him leader of his armies. In their invasion of the Nephites in the land of Zarahemla, C. was successful in taking the city of Zarahemla, after which he marched forth toward the city of Bountiful sweeping everything before him. But before he reached his destination he was checked by Lehi and caused to retreat. On his retreat toward the land of Zarahemla he was intercepted by Moronihah who was in general com-mand of the Nephite forces, who engaged C. in an exceeding bloody battle, in which C. was slain and his whole army fell prisoners to the Nephites. Hel. i:15-34.

CO'RI-AN'TUMR
(2) A Jaredite prince. Son of Omer and brother to Esrom and Jared. The last named had by his flatteries and cunning gained half the kingdom from his father, whence he gave battle and subdued his father into captivity. C. and another brother, angered at this outrage, raised an army, defeated Jared and restored the kingdom to their father. His brother Emer, to whom the kingdom descended from his father, was the fifth lineal descendant in the royal line from Jared who came from the tower. This C. was, therefore, five generations from Babel, whatever date that would bring us to. Eth. iii:67-82.

CO'RI-AN'TUMR
(3) The last Jaredite. His first appearance within the vision of history is as "king over all the land." His story is told in the last two chapters of Ether, v and vi. The prophet Ether lived in his day, which was one of awful wickedness, and he came calling upon the people to repent. They were not only heedless of the warning but cast out the prophet who for his safety had to retire to the cavity of a rock. The King C. was unrepentant with the rest. The same year Ether was cast out there began to be a war, an uprising of mighty men who sought the destruction of C. by recourse to the former secret plans of wickedness. "Now there began to be a war upon all the face of the land, every man with his band, fighting for that which he desired." King C. warred successively with Shared, Gilead, Lib, and finally with Shiz. Shared beat C. at first and held him in captivity "from the third to the fourth year." Again Shared wounded him that he could not go to battle for two years. Next Gilead beat him so that he had to retire to the wilderness for two years to recruit his army. His next opponent was Lib who wounded his arm. Shiz, his final rival, gave him many deep wounds in one battle; in another C. was wounded and fainted; and in the last struggle when all were slain but himself and Shiz and Shiz had fainted, C. as the only survivor, slew Shiz.

Ether had prophesied to C. that if he did not repent all would be destroyed save him; that another people would be brought here to possess the land and that he would be buried by them. Eth. vi:14-23. This was fulfilled when the people of Zarahemla came out from Jerusalem about 590 B. C. and discovered C. who "dwelt with them for the space of nine moons." Om. 36-39.

Some time previous to the beginning of C's. reign "the whole face of the land northward was covered with inhabitants." Eth. iv:60-90. As C. was king over all the land, it is to be understood that his dominion embraced an extensive area.

COR'I-HOR
(1) Son of the Jaredite king Kib, who was grandson of Jared who came from the tower. And he was grandson of Orihah who was the first king of the Jaredites.

When C. was 32 years of age he rebelled against his father, Kib, went and dwelt in Nehor, raised an army, returned to Moron and took his father into captivity and enthroned himself. When Kib's other son, Shule, arose and recovered the kingdom to his father and reigned in his father's stead, C. repented and received power in the kingdom. A son of C. by the name of Noah rebelled in turn against Shule and C. and conquered temporarily. Eth. iii:37-61.

COR'I-HOR
(2) A Jaredite; contemporary with Coriantumr and the prophet Ether. He was evidently a man of eminence in the kingdom of Coriantumr. Is mentioned along with other impenitents. Eth. vi: 14-23.

COR'I-HOR
Land and Valley of. The scene of three or four battles between Shiz and Coriantumr. It was in trumpet distance from the valley of Shurr and the hill Comnor. It was a mid-battle ground between the east seashore and the waters of Ripliancum. Eth. vi:52-83.

CO'ROM
A righteous Jaredite king. Son of King Levi and father of King Kish. He was the fifteenth progenitor of the prophet Ether, and was perhaps equally as removed from Jared who came from Babel. It is unfortunate that his name is spelled variously: Corum in Eth. i:l-14; Corom in Eth. iv:62, 63.

CO'RUM
See Corom.

Cow
See Animals.

CU-MEN'I
A Nephite city in the southwest of their country, in the region of the cities Antiparah, Manti, Zeezrom, Judea - all in Lamanite possession 66 B. C. Al. xxvi:15-18. It was retaken by the Nephites in 63 B. C. after an extended siege and the capture of provisions brought for its inhabitants.. Upon surrender the Lamanites were made prisoners, and under Gid were sent in the direction of Zarahemla; but on account of an unexpected event the majority of them were slain and the rest escaped. Al. xxvi:77-92, 105-115.

CU-MEN'I-HAH
One of the 20 or 30 Nephite military commanders in the great battle of Cumorah. Morm. iii:15.

Cu'mom
An animal mentioned along with elephants and cureloms as used by the Jaredites. Ether iv:21

CU-MO'RAH
The hill where the Prophet Mormon bur-ied the B. M. plates. It was known as Ramah (q. v.) to the Jaredites, C. being the Nephite appellation. It was here where the Jaredites had their final struggle about 600 B. C. and where the last Nephite-Lamanite battle was fought 384 A. D. Mormon having taken up the records (375-379 A. D.) which Ammaron had hid in the hill Shim, (321 A. D.), now hides them in the hill C. (384 A. D.); save a few plates which he entrusts to Moroni, who finishes the record (A. D. 400-420) and hides them where they were obtained by Joseph Smith in 1827 in the State of New York; whence the name C. was applied to the latter hill under the belief that it was in identity with the ancient C. and Ramah. 4 Ne. i:56-59; Morm. ii:15-25; iii:l-15; iv:l-15; Moro. x:1-l7; 9:26.

CU-MO'RAH
Land of. Locality surrounding the hill C. (q. v.). 2 Morm. iii:l-15.

Cu-re'lom
An animal used by the Lamanites, mentioned along with the elephant and the cumom. Eth. iv:2l.

CUSH
A Bible place mentioned in 2 Ne. ix:126 in a quotation from Isa. ii.